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Work #1592 · Middle

The Aims of the Philosophers

Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī
c. 1094 · Arabic
Philosophical exposition · Sunni Islamic theology / falsafa critique / Ash'arite kalām

Al-Ghazālī's 'Aims of the Philosophers' — exposition of Aristotelian-Avicennan thought as prelude to the Tahāfut

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute The Aims of the Philosophers (Middle)
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature not engaged
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality not engaged
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Non-conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality not engaged
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Total
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Passive
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Revelation
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Emergent
Energy · Conservation Non-conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Reversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity not engaged

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

The Aims of the Philosophers

c. 1094 composition. Al-Ghazālī was 36, in the third year of his tenure at the Niẓāmiyya madrasa; the next year (1095) he would publish the Tahāfut and undergo the famous spiritual-intellectual crisis that led him to abandon his academic position.

Space

The Aims of the Philosophers

Baghdad — the Niẓāmiyya madrasa, the most prestigious Sunnī Islamic educational institution of the period.

Matter

The Aims of the Philosophers

Single philosophical exposition (~200 pages in standard Arabic editions). Form is sustained philosophical exposition divided by topic (logic, metaphysics, physics).

Observer

The Aims of the Philosophers

Middle al-Ghazālī. The observer-philosopher-theologian is in the period of greatest intellectual confidence before the crisis; he is preparing to engage the falāsifah on their own ground.

Energy

The Aims of the Philosophers

Preparatory-expository energies. The methodological strategy — understand the position from inside before refuting it — was distinctive in early Islamic theology.

Information

The Aims of the Philosophers

Single Arabic volume. The medieval Latin translation made the book a major channel for Avicennan philosophy into the Latin West.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

The Aims of the Philosophers

Al-Ghazālī's most-misread book — Latin scholastics read it as itself a falsafa work, not realising it was preparatory to the Tahāfut's refutation. The reception illustrates the complex transmission histories of Islamic-Latin-medieval philosophy; the book remains a major source for Avicennan metaphysics and logic.