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Work #963 · Mature (composed at the height of the developing controversy with Rome)

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina

Galileo Galilei
1615 (composed; circulated in manuscript; first published 1636 in Strasbourg) · Italian
Long theological-methodological letter · Early modern natural philosophy / Catholic biblical hermeneutics

Scripture teaches how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go — natural philosophy must be free to follow its own evidence

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (Mature (composed at the height of the developing controversy with Rome))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina

The 1615 moment of the developing Galileo-Rome controversy; the long-historical patristic-Catholic tradition Galileo cites.

Space

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina

The Catholic intellectual space within which Galileo writes; the autonomous domain of natural philosophy he claims.

Matter

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina

The heavens whose Copernican structure is the substantive question; the material/textual scripture whose proper interpretation is at issue.

Observer

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina

The natural philosopher whose evidence must constrain hermeneutics; the Catholic faithful whose salvation is scripture's proper concern.

Energy

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina

The intellectual energies of natural philosophy; the institutional energies of Catholic teaching authority.

Information

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina

The discrete propositions of natural philosophy and scripture; the rules by which their relation is governed.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina

The letter's argument was not effective at the time: the 1616 condemnation of Copernicanism followed shortly, and Galileo's 1633 trial confirmed the Church's refusal to accept the autonomy of natural philosophy the letter defended. The letter was not published in Italy until the nineteenth century. Vatican II's 1965 Dei Verbum substantially endorsed Galileo's hermeneutic position, and Pope John Paul II's 1992 official rehabilitation of Galileo specifically cited the Letter to the Grand Duchess.