Clear all
Work #130 · Late

Discipline and Punish

Michel Foucault
1975 · French
Genealogical study in four parts (Torture / Punishment / Discipline / Prison) · French post-structuralism / genealogical method

The body of the condemned moves from spectacular torture to disciplinary surveillance — and the panopticon's gaze becomes the modern soul

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Discipline and Punish (Late)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Passive
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Constructed
Observer · Theological Method —
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

⧖

Time

Discipline and Punish

Real historical time in which disciplinary techniques develop. The historical shift Foucault tracks (1757 execution to early prison) is a real change.

✦

Space

Discipline and Punish

The Panopticon is a spatial-architectural analysis — spatial arrangements produce power effects. Substantival.

◉

Matter

Discipline and Punish

The body is the locus of disciplinary effects. Substantival and real.

◎

Observer

Discipline and Punish

The Foucauldian observer is the subjectivated body produced by disciplinary regimes. Passive in the precise sense of being constituted by power-knowledge relations.

⚡

Energy

Discipline and Punish

Power as energetic principle, productive and distributed through the disciplinary network.

⧉

Information

Discipline and Punish

Surveillance produces information; the disciplinary regime is also a regime of records, files, examinations. Relational and historical.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Discipline and Punish

Foucault's relationship to "humanism" — whether his critique permits any normative critique of disciplinary regimes — has been disputed since the 1970s. Habermas's critique (in The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, 1985) argues Foucault is in "normative confusion." Late Foucault (Care of the Self, 1984) opened a different path toward an ethics of self-formation; the relation to Discipline and Punish remains the central interpretive question.