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Work #130 · Late

Discipline and Punish

Michel Foucault
1975 · French
Genealogical study in four parts (Torture / Punishment / Discipline / Prison) · French post-structuralism / genealogical method

The body of the condemned moves from spectacular torture to disciplinary surveillance — and the panopticon's gaze becomes the modern soul

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Discipline and Punish (Late)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Passive
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Constructed
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Discipline and Punish

Real historical time in which disciplinary techniques develop. The historical shift Foucault tracks (1757 execution to early prison) is a real change.

Space

Discipline and Punish

The Panopticon is a spatial-architectural analysis — spatial arrangements produce power effects. Substantival.

Matter

Discipline and Punish

The body is the locus of disciplinary effects. Substantival and real.

Observer

Discipline and Punish

The Foucauldian observer is the subjectivated body produced by disciplinary regimes. Passive in the precise sense of being constituted by power-knowledge relations.

Energy

Discipline and Punish

Power as energetic principle, productive and distributed through the disciplinary network.

Information

Discipline and Punish

Surveillance produces information; the disciplinary regime is also a regime of records, files, examinations. Relational and historical.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Discipline and Punish

Foucault's relationship to "humanism" — whether his critique permits any normative critique of disciplinary regimes — has been disputed since the 1970s. Habermas's critique (in The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, 1985) argues Foucault is in "normative confusion." Late Foucault (Care of the Self, 1984) opened a different path toward an ethics of self-formation; the relation to Discipline and Punish remains the central interpretive question.