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Work #938 · Mature (the work that established Erasmus's international reputation and reshaped biblical scholarship)

Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum)

Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
1516 (Novum Instrumentum omne, Froben, Basel — first edition); revised 1519, 1522, 1527, 1535 · Greek with Latin translation
Critical edition with translation and annotations · Northern Renaissance philology / Christian humanism

Return to the sources — the Greek New Testament made available, with new Latin translation, against the inherited Vulgate

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum) (Mature (the work that established Erasmus's international reputation and reshaped biblical scholarship))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum)

The historical-philological time of the Christian textual tradition — autograph, early manuscripts, Vulgate translation, medieval transmission, Renaissance recovery.

Space

Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum)

The Latin Christian commonwealth into which the Greek text returned for the first time since antiquity, mediated through the new printing press.

Matter

Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum)

The material manuscripts Erasmus collated — papyrus and parchment, ink and binding — as the physical carriers of the textual tradition.

Observer

Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum)

The scholar-editor whose careful critical work reconstructs the text; the educated Christian reader who now has direct access to the evidence.

Energy

Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum)

The intellectual energies of philological reconstruction; the institutional energies of the printing press that distributed the result.

Information

Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum)

The textual information itself — variants, readings, scribal errors, philological corrections — as the discrete content that scholarship can analyse.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Greek New Testament (Novum Instrumentum)

The 1516 edition had famous textual deficiencies: Erasmus had to retro-translate the last six verses of Revelation from Latin into Greek because his sole Greek manuscript was missing them. The 1522 edition's inclusion of the Comma Johanneum (1 John 5:7-8, the trinitarian "three heavenly witnesses" passage) under pressure from English critics, even though Erasmus had originally and rightly omitted it as absent from his Greek manuscripts, has been a textual-critical scandal for five centuries. The Reformation's appropriation of Erasmian biblical scholarship — Luther's translation, the Reformed sola scriptura — was not what Erasmus had intended, and the late editions show him struggling against the consequences of the work's own success.