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Work #937 · Late (the treatise that publicly broke the Erasmus-Luther alliance, written after seven years of pressure for Erasmus to declare his position)

De Libero Arbitrio

Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
1524 (De Libero Arbitrio ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ sive Collatio, Froben, Basel) · Latin
Theological treatise · Northern Renaissance humanism / Catholic moderate reform

The Bible itself does not univocally settle the question of free will — therefore we should hold the moderate position the Fathers and the Church have always held

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute De Libero Arbitrio (Late (the treatise that publicly broke the Erasmus-Luther alliance, written after seven years of pressure for Erasmus to declare his position))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Both
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Discrete

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

De Libero Arbitrio

The historical moment of 1524 — seven years after the 95 Theses, two years after Luther's 1521 Diet of Worms appearance, with the Reformation now politically irreversible.

Space

De Libero Arbitrio

The Latin Christian commonwealth being broken into confessional fragments; Erasmus's position assumes its unity even as the unity is dissolving.

Matter

De Libero Arbitrio

The embodied human will whose freedom is the topic — its rational structure, its corruption by sin, its renewal by grace.

Observer

De Libero Arbitrio

The morally serious Christian whose practical condition (the call to repentance, the experience of moral struggle) the treatise treats as evidence.

Energy

De Libero Arbitrio

Grace as the activating energy of salvation; free will as the residual capacity that cooperates with grace.

Information

De Libero Arbitrio

The scriptural and patristic evidence as the discrete information against which any doctrine of free will must be tested.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

De Libero Arbitrio

Luther's De Servo Arbitrio (1525) — which Luther considered his best book — utterly rejected Erasmus's methodology as well as his conclusions. The treatise's consequences were historical, not just theological: it ended the possibility of an Erasmus-Luther alliance for moderate Catholic reform and made the Reformation's rupture irreversible. Modern Catholic theology (Trent, Vatican II) substantially endorses Erasmus's position; modern Reformed theology (Calvin, Edwards, Barth) endorses Luther's. The exchange remains the classical statement of the divide.