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Work #1510 · Early-career

A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion

Samuel Clarke
1705 (Boyle Lectures); published 1706 · English
Boyle Lectures / natural-theological-ethical treatise · Newtonian natural theology / English rationalism / natural-law ethics

Clarke's 1705 Boyle Lectures — the eternal and necessary fitness of things as the rational ground of moral obligation

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion (Early-career)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Both
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion

1705 lectures; 1706 publication. Clarke was 30, in the second year of the Boyle-Lecture appointment.

Space

A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion

St Paul's Cathedral, London (Boyle-Lecture venue).

Matter

A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion

Single Boyle-Lecture treatise (~390 pages in the original). Form is the same demonstrative-propositional method as the 1704 first series, but applied to ethics rather than to the existence of God.

Observer

A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion

Early Clarke. The observer is the rising philosophical-theological apologist who would shortly become Newton's principal philosophical interpreter.

Energy

A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion

Rationalist-ethical-demonstrative energies. The book combines philosophical analysis (the eternal fitnesses thesis) with apologetic-Christian argument.

Information

A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion

Companion volume to the 1704 Demonstration. The eternal-fitnesses thesis is the central philosophical-ethical claim; the Christian-revelation apologetic in Part II makes the philosophical case for revealed religion.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

A Discourse Concerning the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion

The locus classicus of eighteenth-century English ethical rationalism — provoked Hume's attacks on rationalist ethics in the second Enquiry. The Clarke-Hutcheson-Hume debate over the foundations of morality (rationalism versus sentimentalism) defined eighteenth-century moral philosophy; Kant's mature ethics descends from the rationalist side of this debate.