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Work #1509 · Early-career

A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God

Samuel Clarke
1704 (Boyle Lectures); published 1705 · English
Boyle Lectures / natural-theological treatise · Newtonian natural theology / English rationalism / Latitudinarian Anglicanism

Clarke's 1704 Boyle Lectures — quasi-geometric demonstration of God's existence and attributes, more eorum mathematicorum

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God (Early-career)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Both
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God

1704 lectures; 1705 publication. Clarke was 29 at the lectures, having taken his BD at Cambridge in 1701 and having served as Chaplain to the Bishop of Norwich.

Space

A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God

St Paul's Cathedral, London (Boyle-Lecture venue) — the central institutional location of early-eighteenth-century English natural theology. The Boyle-Lecture series ran from 1692 to 1714 with annual lecturers chosen for their philosophical-apologetic capability.

Matter

A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God

Single Boyle-Lecture treatise (~280 pages in the original). Form is twelve-proposition demonstrative argument 'after the manner of geometers' (more geometrico).

Observer

A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God

Early Clarke. The observer is the rising philosophical-theological apologist who would shortly become Newton's principal philosophical interpreter (Clarke wrote the Latin notes to the 1713 second edition of the Principia and corresponded with Leibniz on Newton's behalf in 1715-16).

Energy

A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God

Boyle-Lecture-style demonstrative energies. The twelve-proposition format was intended to convey rational-demonstrative force.

Information

A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God

Twelve-proposition treatise. Each proposition is rigorously defended with extensive sub-arguments; the cumulative structure mimics the geometric-demonstrative form Newton had used in the Principia.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God

The defining English-rationalist natural-theological treatise; the cosmological-argument tradition's classic eighteenth-century statement. Continuously read in eighteenth-century philosophy of religion; the principal target of Hume's attack in the 'Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion' (1779, posthumous); revived in twentieth-century analytic philosophy of religion (Plantinga, Swinburne) as a serious philosophical-argumentative resource.