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Work #178 · Mid (the foundational statement of dialogical philosophy)

I and Thou

Martin Buber
1923 · German
Philosophical-theological essay in three parts · Jewish religious philosophy / dialogical philosophy

The two basic word-pairs — I-Thou and I-It — and the eternal Thou that meets us through every finite Thou

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute I and Thou (Mid (the foundational statement of dialogical philosophy))
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Relational
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Relational
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Infinite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Partial
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Both
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Experience
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

I and Thou

The Thou is met in the present moment; the It belongs to past and future. Time is relational, with the moment of meeting as ontologically primary.

Space

I and Thou

The Thou meeting is not in measurable space; the spatial framework belongs to the It-world.

Matter

I and Thou

Embodied persons as the medium of the Thou relation, even as the relation itself transcends objectification.

Observer

I and Thou

The I as constituted by the basic word-pair it speaks; the I-of-Thou is different from the I-of-It. Plural, embodied; God as eternal Thou.

Energy

I and Thou

The energy of presence and address — qualitatively different from the instrumental energy of the I-It relation.

Information

I and Thou

The Thou-meeting is preserved in personal memory but cannot be fully captured in objective knowledge.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

I and Thou

Levinas criticises Buber for excessive symmetry in the I-Thou relation — the ethical demand of the Other, Levinas argues, is asymmetrical (I am responsible before being addressed). Karl Barth engaged Buber appreciatively but criticised the collapse of the Creator-creature distinction in the eternal Thou. The relation between Buber's philosophical-dialogical framework and his Hasidic-religious commitments has been a continuing scholarly theme (Mendes-Flohr, Friedman).