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Work #1513 · Late

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity

John Bramhall
1655 · English
Polemical-philosophical treatise (with Hobbes's interspersed text) · High-Church Anglicanism / scholastic-Aristotelian free-will theology / anti-Hobbist controversy

Bramhall's 1655 reply to Hobbes — defending libertarian free will against Hobbist necessitarianism

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity (Late)
Time · Extent Finite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom NDet
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Limited
Observer · Moral Authority Revelation
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity

1655. Bramhall was 61, in exile in Antwerp (Bramhall had left England in 1644 after the Civil War broke out and would not return until 1660 — when he became Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland).

Space

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity

Antwerp / London publication. Bramhall and Hobbes had originally conducted the discussion in Paris in 1645 while both were exiled in France during the Civil War; the controversy continued by correspondence and publication.

Matter

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity

Interleaved polemical-philosophical treatise. Form is characteristic of seventeenth-century printed-controversy: each Hobbesian assertion is reproduced and answered.

Observer

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity

Bramhall as defender of libertarian free will against Hobbist necessitarianism. The observer-bishop is the Caroline-Anglican high-Church philosopher-theologian working out the philosophical implications of the Christian-Aristotelian doctrine of voluntary agency.

Energy

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity

Polemical-philosophical energies of the canonical English free-will debate. The Bramhall-Hobbes exchange is the most sustained seventeenth-century English controversy on the question.

Information

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity

Hobbes's text plus Bramhall's section-by-section replies. The form preserves both sides of the debate within a single volume — a methodological advantage of seventeenth-century controversial print.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsecal Necessity

The canonical seventeenth-century English free-will controversy — the locus classicus for libertarian vs. necessitarian arguments. Continuously read in subsequent free-will literature; both positions articulated here remain live in contemporary metaphysics of agency.