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Work #1530 · Late

Letter to Foscarini

Robert Bellarmine
1615 (12 April) · Italian
Private theological-philosophical letter · Counter-Reformation theology / Galileo affair / Scripture-and-science debate

Bellarmine's 1615 letter to Foscarini — Copernicanism may be held as hypothesis but not as fact unless Scripture is shown to allow it

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Letter to Foscarini (Late)
Time · Extent Finite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Both
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Revelation
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Letter to Foscarini

12 April 1615. Bellarmine was 72; one year before the 1616 Index decree, eighteen years before the 1633 Galileo trial (Bellarmine would die in 1621, twelve years before the trial).

Space

Letter to Foscarini

Rome — Bellarmine was Cardinal and the principal Counter-Reformation theological-political figure of the Roman Curia.

Matter

Letter to Foscarini

Single private letter (~700 words in the original Italian). Form is the early-modern theological correspondence Bellarmine routinely conducted.

Observer

Letter to Foscarini

Late Bellarmine on Scripture and science. The observer is the senior Counter-Reformation theological figure articulating the orthodox position on the science-Scripture relation.

Energy

Letter to Foscarini

Pastoral-theological-cautious energies of late-Bellarmine. The letter is methodologically careful: Bellarmine grants the legitimacy of Copernicanism-as-hypothesis while requiring much stronger demonstration before accepting it as physical truth.

Information

Letter to Foscarini

Single short letter. The three-point structure (ex suppositione legitimate / absolute requires demonstration or reinterpretation / burden of proof on innovators) is the central informational structure.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Letter to Foscarini

The most-cited single document of the pre-Galileo Copernican controversy. Continuously discussed in the history of science (Drake, Finocchiaro, Pera, Feyerabend) and in the broader literature on the philosophy of science-religion conflict; Bellarmine's distinctive ex-suppositione / absolute distinction has been variously assessed as principled scientific caution (some readings) or as institutional-political conservatism (other readings).