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Work #87 · Late

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise)

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
c. 1179 (Córdoba, Andalusia) · Classical Arabic
Legal-philosophical treatise · Medieval Islamic philosophy / Andalusian Peripatetic falsafa

Philosophy and scripture are two paths to the same truth — when they appear to conflict, the scriptural text requires allegorical interpretation

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise) (Late)
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Multiple
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Total
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Both
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise)

Standard Aristotelian-Islamic cosmology. The Decisive Treatise does not develop time-theory; it presupposes the framework of the longer Commentaries.

Space

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise)

Standard medieval cosmology. Substantival, finite, three-dimensional.

Matter

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise)

Hylomorphic; created and conserved by God. The broader Aristotelian framework runs underneath.

Observer

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise)

The Averroean observer is the philosophical Muslim who reaches the truth by demonstration — embodied, plural, active in inquiry. Knowledge is total in principle through conjunction with the active intellect (the doctrine that became controversial in Latin Averroism).

Energy

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise)

Not theorised in this short treatise.

Information

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise)

Scripture and demonstration coordinate to provide the substantival informational structure of truth. Personal information is conserved across death; Islamic eschatology is presupposed.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Faṣl al-Maqāl (The Decisive Treatise)

The Latin Averroist tradition's claim of "double truth" (one truth for philosophy, another for revelation) was condemned at Paris in 1277. Modern scholarship (Ernest Renan in the nineteenth century, more recently Charles Butterworth and Richard Taylor) has emphasised that Averroes himself does not hold a double-truth doctrine; the Latin reception simplified his more sophisticated position. The unicity-of-intellect thesis — that there is one shared active intellect for all humans, denying personal immortality — was the most controversial inheritance of Latin Averroism.