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Work #124 · Early

On Free Choice of the Will

Augustine of Hippo
c. 387–395 (Book I in Rome 388; Books II–III at Hippo c. 391–395) · Late Latin
Three-book philosophical dialogue with his friend Evodius · Latin Christianity / Augustinian theology

God is not the author of evil — free will is; and yet the will's very freedom is itself a divine gift

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute On Free Choice of the Will (Early)
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Both
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Multiple
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Both
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

On Free Choice of the Will

Standard Christian-cosmological background. Time within fallen history is the medium of moral choice; eternity is God's mode.

Space

On Free Choice of the Will

Standard.

Matter

On Free Choice of the Will

Created good; against Manichean dualism, matter is not the source of evil.

Observer

On Free Choice of the Will

The Augustinian observer is the free created will — embodied, plural, active. Moral authority is scripture; metaphysical agency is personal.

Energy

On Free Choice of the Will

Standard medieval Christian doctrine of divine sustenance.

Information

On Free Choice of the Will

God's knowledge is total. Personal information is conserved.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

On Free Choice of the Will

Augustine's later anti-Pelagian theology of grace pulls strongly against the early De Libero Arbitrio's emphasis on free will. The Retractations acknowledge the tension without resolving it. Modern Augustinian scholarship (Peter Brown, Carol Harrison) reads the early and late Augustine as developing a single position with different emphases under different polemical contexts.