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Work #35

Metaphysics

Aristotle (compiled posthumously by Andronicus of Rhodes c. 70 BC)
c. 350 BC (lecture notes, second Athenian period) · Classical Greek
Treatise in fourteen books (Α–Ν), assembled from lecture courses · Classical Greek philosophy / Aristotelianism

Being is said in many ways — substance is the focal sense — and the unmoved mover is the eternal actuality at the apex of nature

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Metaphysics
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Finite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Total
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Cosmic-ordering
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Infinite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Metaphysics

The cosmos is eternal — time has no beginning. Book Λ's unmoved mover is the eternal cause of the eternal circular motion of the outermost heaven, which communicates motion downward through nature. Time is substantival in the precise Aristotelian sense (the number of motion with respect to before and after, Physics IV.11), linear, uni-directional.

Space

Metaphysics

The Aristotelian cosmos is a finite, geocentric, hierarchically ordered sphere. Place (topos) is the inner boundary of the containing body. No vacuum, no infinite extension. Substantival in the sense that place is a real structural feature of nature.

Matter

Metaphysics

Prime matter (materia prima) is pure potentiality; every concrete substance is hylomorphic. Matter is substantival within the framework, conserved across substantial changes, locally interactive. The Metaphysics gives the most sustained ancient treatment of matter as a philosophical category.

Observer

Metaphysics

The Aristotelian observer is embodied, plural, active. Knowledge is total in principle (the philosopher can know first causes) but built up through experience and demonstrative reasoning. The metaphysical agency is cosmic-ordering: the unmoved mover is "that for the sake of which" all natural motion is directed, but is not a personal providence. Moral authority is reason.

Energy

Metaphysics

Energeia — actuality — is one of Aristotle's technical achievements. The unmoved mover is pure actuality, eternal, complete. Created actualities are substantival within their finite lives and dissipative in the irreversible sense of natural change.

Information

Metaphysics

The forms are the substantival informational structures of things — eternal patterns realised in matter. The forms are conserved at the cosmic scale; individual substantial forms cease at the end of each particular's existence. Personal immortality is famously unsettled in Aristotle: De Anima III.5 leaves the question of the active intellect's persistence open in a way that Avicenna, Aquinas, and Averroes each resolved differently.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Metaphysics

The Metaphysics as we have it was not a single book composed by Aristotle; it is a posthumous compilation, and some books (K, especially) overlap with the Eudemian Ethics. The doctrine of the unmoved mover's relation to the world ("how can pure actuality move what it does not touch?") was the central medieval philosophical problem and remains a live point of dispute. Aristotle's treatment of the active intellect (in De Anima, but presupposed in the Metaphysics) supports both Avicennan-Thomistic personal-immortality readings and Averroist unicity-of-intellect readings.