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Work #1723

Fragments and Testimonia

Aristippus of Cyrene
c. early 4th century BCE (original teachings); testimonia from antiquity · Attic Greek
Reconstructed fragments, anecdotes, and doxographic reports · Socratic philosophy / Cyrenaic hedonism

Only the present sensation is real, only bodily pleasure is the good, and the wise enjoy without being enslaved

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute Fragments and Testimonia
Time · Extent not engaged
Time · Ontological Status not engaged
Time · Grain not engaged
Time · Freedom Non-Deterministic
Time · Traversability not engaged
Time · Dimensionality not engaged
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent not engaged
Space · Ontological Status not engaged
Space · Curvature not engaged
Space · Dimensionality not engaged
Space · Locality not engaged
Matter · Extent not engaged
Matter · Ontological Status Relational
Matter · Conservation not engaged
Matter · Dimensionality not engaged
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Singular
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Feeling
Observer · Theological Method N/A
Energy · Extent not engaged
Energy · Ontological Status not engaged
Energy · Conservation not engaged
Energy · Dispersibility not engaged
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation not engaged
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity not engaged

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Fragments and Testimonia

Time is ethically restricted to the present moment: past pleasure is gone, future pleasure is uncertain. The testimonia show no interest in cosmological time. Non-deterministic: the wise person exercises genuine choice in how to enjoy the moment.

Space

Fragments and Testimonia

Space is unthematised. Aristippus famously said "I am a stranger everywhere" — indifferent to place. (Diogenes Laertius II.73)

Matter

Fragments and Testimonia

Matter is accessible only through sensation. The Cyrenaic epistemology brackets the external world: we know our affections, not their material causes. Matter is therefore relational — known only through its effects on the body.

Observer

Fragments and Testimonia

The observer is singular, embodied, and epistemologically isolated: each person knows only their own present sensations. Knowledge is immediate and non-retainable in the strong sense — each moment's sensation is new. Active agency: the wise person chooses how to engage with present pleasure.

Energy

Fragments and Testimonia

No concept of energy. The "smooth motion" (leia kinesis) of the soul that constitutes pleasure is a phenomenological description, not a physical theory.

Information

Fragments and Testimonia

Information is radically private and present. Each sensation is a private affection that cannot be verified intersubjectively. Personal information is not conserved: the present moment is the only locus of reality.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

Fragments and Testimonia

The Fragments' central tension is between epistemological solipsism and practical social wisdom. If only present private sensations are knowable, how did Aristippus navigate courts, conversations, and the complex social world with the grace the anecdotes attribute to him? The later Cyrenaics (Hegesias, Anniceris, Theodorus) split precisely over this tension — whether hedonism leads to despair, sociability, or self-deification.