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Work #1837

On Nature (fragments)

Alcmaeon of Croton
c. 5th century BCE · Doric Greek
Prose treatise (fragmentary — surviving in Aristotle, Theophrastus, Aëtius) · Pre-Socratic natural philosophy / early Greek medicine

The brain is the seat of thought and health is the balance of opposing powers — empirical medicine meets Pythagorean cosmology

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where works disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid is shown.

Attribute On Nature (fragments)
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Substantival
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Cyclical
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Substantival
Space · Curvature Implicit
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Substantival
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Mediated
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Fallible
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Active
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Reason
Observer · Theological Method
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Reversible
Information · Ontological Status Emergent
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Variable
Information · Granularity Implicit

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each work's passages reveal about its stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

On Nature (fragments)

Humans "perish because they cannot join the beginning to the end" (B2) — a cyclical cosmic time that humans cannot complete. The heavenly bodies are immortal because their motion is circular and continuous.

Space

On Nature (fragments)

The body is the spatial arena of investigation. Alcmaeon's dissections presuppose a local, three-dimensional space in which organs have definite positions and nerves trace paths.

Matter

On Nature (fragments)

Blood, marrow, brain, food, drink — the physician's matter. Health is material equilibrium; disease is material excess. The isonomia doctrine treats the body as a material system in balance.

Observer

On Nature (fragments)

The observer is an embodied brain. Thought is a physical process located in a physical organ. Knowledge is mediated (through the senses to the brain) and fallible: "of things invisible, only the gods have certainty" (B1).

Energy

On Nature (fragments)

The balance of hot/cold, wet/dry is an energy-like concept. Health is equilibrium; disease is excess. The balance is restorable — energy dispersibility is reversible.

Information

On Nature (fragments)

Understanding (xynesis) is an emergent function of the brain. It arises from perception but exceeds it. Personal information is variable — the soul may be immortal, but the fragments leave this uncertain.

Internal Tensions

Where each work's argument pulls against itself.

On Nature (fragments)

The tension between empirical method (dissection, observation) and Pythagorean cosmological commitments (the soul as always-moving, the table of opposites) is never resolved. Is the balance-of-opposites an empirical finding or a metaphysical imposition? The fragments do not say.