Works

#1747

A Time to Heal

Gerald R. Ford · 1979

Presidential autobiography · American political memoir / centrist Republicanism

Healing after Watergate — the unelected president's defence of the Nixon pardon and his vision of modest, decent government

30% conservatism 25% pragmatism 20% civic-republicanism 15% classical-liberalism 10% humanism +2

#1748

Mathematical Commentary on Diophantus

Hypatia of Alexandria · c. 400 CE

Mathematical commentary (fragments and later reports) · Late antique Alexandrian Neoplatonism / mathematics

The mathematical and philosophical legacy of the last great Alexandrian scholar — reconstructed from fragments and testimony

35% neo-platonism 25% rationalism 20% platonism-classical 10% empiricism 10% humanism +2

#1749

Fragments and Anecdotes

Diogenes of Sinope · c. 4th century BCE (reported c. 3rd century CE by Diogenes Laertius)

Anecdotes, chreia (short sayings), and biographical fragments · Cynic philosophy

The dog-philosopher of Athens — poverty, shamelessness, and freedom as the natural condition of the human animal

50% cynicism 20% naturalism 10% anarchism 10% stoicism 10% cosmopolitanism +2

#1750

Golden Verses and Testimonia

Pythagoras of Samos (attributed and reported) · c. 6th century BCE (Golden Verses probably 5th–3rd century BCE; testimonia various)

Verse maxims and biographical-philosophical testimonia · Pythagorean philosophy / early Greek mathematics-mysticism

Number is the principle of all things — the unity of mathematics, music, cosmology, and the purification of the soul

50% pythagoreanism 15% platonism-classical 10% rationalism 10% mysticism 10% structuralism 5% hermeticism +3

#1751

Samkhyakarika

Ishvarakrishna · c. 350 CE

Philosophical verse treatise (72 karikas / verses) · Samkhya darshana (Hindu orthodox philosophy)

The oldest surviving Samkhya text — the dualism of purusha (consciousness) and prakriti (matter-nature) in 72 systematic verses

55% samkhya 20% dualism 10% hinduism 5% rationalism 5% realism 5% atheism-secularism +3

#1752

"Relative State" Formulation of Quantum Mechanics

Hugh Everett III · 1957

Doctoral dissertation / journal article (Reviews of Modern Physics) · Quantum foundations / philosophy of physics

No wave function collapse — the universal wave function branches, and every outcome is realised in a relative state

45% multiverse-theory 25% quantum-realism 10% determinism 10% realism 5% naturalism 5% philosophy-of-science +3

#1753

Fragments and Testimonia

Protagoras of Abdera · c. 5th century BCE (fragments preserved in Plato, Sextus Empiricus, Diogenes Laertius)

Fragments and testimonia (reconstructed) · Sophistic philosophy / Presocratic epistemology

Man is the measure of all things — the founding statement of Western relativism and the first professional educator of Greece

40% relativism 25% sophism 15% pragmatism 10% humanism 10% constructivism +2

#1754

Food of the Gods

Terence McKenna · 1992

Speculative cultural history · Psychedelic philosophy / ethnobotany

The "stoned ape" thesis — psychedelic mushrooms catalysed the emergence of human consciousness, language, and culture

40% psychedelic-entheogenic 15% deep-ecology 15% animism-relational-indigenous 10% process-philosophy 10% romanticism 10% evolutionism +3

#1755

Instructions for Practical Living

Wang Yangming (Wang Shouren) · c. 1518 (compiled by students; expanded editions to 1572)

Dialogues and philosophical letters compiled by students · Neo-Confucian / Yangming school (School of Mind)

Knowledge and action are one — the mind itself is principle (xin ji li), and innate knowing (liangzhi) needs no external verification

35% confucianism 25% idealism 15% pragmatism 10% virtue-ethics 10% phenomenology 5% buddhism +3

#1756

Letter to Demetrias

Pelagius · c. 414 CE

Theological letter / moral exhortation · Late antique Latin Christianity / Pelagianism

Human nature is good, free will is real, and sinlessness is possible — the anti-Augustinian case for moral optimism

30% liberal-theology 20% humanism 15% catholic-thomistic 15% natural-law 10% arminianism 10% virtue-ethics +3

#1757

On Behalf of the Fool

Gaunilo of Marmoutiers · c. 1078

Philosophical counter-argument / critical reply · Medieval Latin theology / Benedictine monasticism

The perfect island objection — if Anselm's argument proves God exists, it proves everything perfect exists, which is absurd

25% analytic-metaphysics 20% empiricism 20% scholasticism 15% catholic-thomistic 10% rationalism 10% philosophy-of-religion +3

#1758

Xunzi

Xunzi (Xun Kuang) · c. 3rd century BCE

Collected philosophical essays (32 chapters) · Confucian philosophy / Warring States period

Human nature is evil — but ritual, education, and the accumulated wisdom of the sage-kings can transform it into goodness

35% confucianism 15% realism 15% naturalism 10% empiricism 10% legalism 10% constructivism 5% philosophy-of-language +4

#1759

Mozi

Mozi (Mo Di) and followers · c. 5th century BCE (with later additions)

Collected philosophical essays (71 chapters, 53 surviving) · Mohist philosophy / Warring States period

Universal love for all people without distinction — the anti-Confucian, anti-war, proto-utilitarian philosopher of ancient China

45% mohism 20% utilitarianism 10% pacifism 10% consequentialism 5% cosmopolitanism 5% effective-altruism 5% philosophy-of-religion +4

#1760

The Spiritual Medicine

Al-Razi (Rhazes) · c. 900–925 CE

Ethical treatise in twenty chapters · Islamic philosophy / practical ethics

Reason as the cure for the passions — Platonic-Galenic soul-medicine without prophecy

30% empiricism 30% rationalism 25% platonism-classical 15% virtue-ethics +1

#1761

Hayy ibn Yaqzan

Ibn Tufayl · c. 1160–1170 CE

Philosophical romance / allegorical narrative · Islamic philosophy (falsafa)

The solitary child who reasons his way from nature to God — the sufficiency of unaided intellect

40% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 25% neo-platonism 20% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 15% empiricism +1

#1762

Indica

Al-Biruni · c. 1030 CE

Systematic encyclopaedic treatise in eighty chapters · Islamic scholarship / comparative study of religions and sciences

The impartial observer lets India speak — religion, philosophy, science, and society mapped with empirical fairness

40% empiricism 25% cosmopolitanism 20% philosophy-of-science 15% islamic-philosophy-falsafa +1

#1763

The Book of Beliefs and Opinions

Saadia Gaon · 933 CE

Systematic theological treatise in ten chapters · Jewish philosophy / kalam theology

Reason and revelation as twin witnesses to the same truth — Judaism's first systematic theology

35% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 30% rabbinic-judaism 20% rationalism 15% islam +1

#1764

The Kuzari

Judah Halevi · c. 1130–1140 CE

Philosophical dialogue in five parts · Jewish philosophy / anti-Aristotelian apologetics

The God of Abraham over the God of Aristotle — historical testimony and lived experience as the foundation of faith

30% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 25% rabbinic-judaism 25% philosophy-of-religion 10% mysticism 10% islam +2

#1765

Commentary on the Torah

Nachmanides (Ramban) · c. 1260–1270 CE

Continuous verse-by-verse biblical commentary · Rabbinic Judaism / Kabbalistic exegesis

The Torah is composed of divine Names — beneath the literal surface lies an infinite mystical depth

35% kabbalah-lurianic 30% rabbinic-judaism 20% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean 15% mysticism +1

#1766

Fons Vitae

Solomon ibn Gabirol · c. 1045–1058 CE

Philosophical dialogue in five treatises between master and disciple · Jewish Neoplatonism / Latin scholasticism

All beings from angels to stones are composed of matter and form — the universal hylomorphism that divided the schoolmen

40% neo-platonism 35% hylomorphism 15% scholasticism 10% jewish-philosophy-maimonidean +1

#1767

On Loving God (De Diligendo Deo)

Bernard of Clairvaux · c. 1126–1141

Treatise-letter, addressed to Cardinal Haimeric · Cistercian mystical theology

The measure of loving God is to love without measure — the soul's ascent through four degrees of love

40% christian-mysticism 25% augustinianism 20% neo-platonism 15% catholicism +1

#1768

On Divine Omnipotence (De Divina Omnipotentia)

Peter Damian · c. 1067

Letter-treatise (Epistola 119), addressed to Abbot Desiderius of Monte Cassino · Monastic theology / pre-scholastic philosophy of religion

Can God undo the past? — the first systematic medieval argument that divine omnipotence exceeds the reach of logic

30% natural-theology 25% augustinianism 20% scholasticism 15% catholicism 10% philosophy-of-religion +2

#1769

De Animalibus

Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus) · c. 1258–1262

Encyclopedic paraphrase and commentary in 26 books · Aristotelian natural history / Dominican scholasticism

Experiment alone certifies in these things — the Universal Doctor observes nature on its own terms

35% aristotelianism 30% empiricism 20% scholasticism 15% islamic-philosophy-falsafa +1

#1770

Itinerarium Mentis in Deum (The Journey of the Mind into God)

Bonaventure (Giovanni di Fidanza) · 1259

Short mystical-philosophical treatise in seven chapters · Franciscan theology / Augustinian-Dionysian mysticism

Ask grace, not doctrine — the soul's six-winged ascent from creatures to the ecstatic transitus beyond all knowing

35% christian-mysticism 25% augustinianism 25% neo-platonism 15% christian-platonism +1

#1771

On Light (De Luce)

Robert Grosseteste · c. 1225–1228

Short philosophical treatise (opusculum) · Oxford natural philosophy / Augustinian light-metaphysics

Light is the first corporeal form — the cosmos generated by the infinite self-multiplication of an original point

30% christian-platonism 25% aristotelianism 25% rationalism 20% augustinianism +1

#1772

The Imitation of Christ (De Imitatione Christi)

Thomas a Kempis · c. 1418–1427

Devotional treatise in four books · Devotio Moderna / Augustinian spirituality

I would rather feel compunction than know how to define it — interior devotion as the one thing needful

35% christian-mysticism 25% augustinianism 20% pietism 20% catholicism +1

#1773

Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World

John Philoponus · c. 529 CE

Philosophical treatise (surviving in fragments preserved by Simplicius) · Christian Alexandrian Aristotelianism

The world cannot be eternal — an actually infinite past is impossible, therefore the cosmos had a beginning in time

30% christianity 25% aristotelianism 20% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 15% scholasticism 10% philosophy-of-science +2

#1774

Ambigua

Maximus the Confessor · c. 628–634 CE (Ambigua ad Iohannem) and c. 614–625 CE (Ambigua ad Thomam)

Exegetical-speculative treatise in two collections (71 difficulties) · Byzantine Christian theology, patristic synthesis

Cosmic liturgy in seventy-one difficulties — every created thing moves from God, through Christ, back to God in theosis

40% eastern-orthodox-christianity 25% neo-platonism 15% christian-mysticism 10% cappadocian-theology 10% christian-platonism +2

#1775

Triads in Defence of the Holy Hesychasts

Gregory Palamas · c. 1338–1341

Three triads of discourses (nine chapters in three groups of three) · Byzantine Hesychast theology

The uncreated light of Tabor is not a metaphor — God's energies are truly God, truly participated, and truly seen by the saints in prayer

45% eastern-orthodox-christianity 25% christian-mysticism 15% cappadocian-theology 10% neo-platonism 5% mysticism +2

#1776

Chronographia

Michael Psellos · c. 1063–1078 (composed in stages)

Historical narrative in seven books (later extended) · Byzantine court historiography

The philosopher at court — psychological portraiture, political intrigue, and the Platonic mind behind the throne of Byzantium

30% platonism-classical 25% classicism 15% eastern-orthodox-christianity 15% political-realism 15% hermeneutics +2

#1777

Attaining Enlightenment in This Very Existence

Kukai (Kobo Daishi) · c. 817 CE

Short doctrinal treatise with scriptural citations and verse · Shingon (True Word) esoteric Buddhism

This very body becomes Buddha — through the Three Mysteries of body, speech, and mind, the practitioner is identical with Mahavairocana

30% tibetan-vajrayana-buddhism 25% mahayana-buddhism 20% buddhism 15% mysticism 10% shintoism +2

#1778

Treatise on the Golden Lion

Fazang · c. 699 CE (lecture to Empress Wu Zetian)

Short pedagogical treatise in ten chapters · Huayan (Flower Garland) Buddhism

The gold is in the lion, the lion is in the gold — principle and phenomena interpenetrate, and every part contains the whole

35% mahayana-buddhism 25% madhyamaka 20% buddhism 10% process-philosophy 10% structuralism +2

#1779

Great Calming and Contemplation

Zhiyi · 594 CE (lectures recorded by Guanding)

Comprehensive meditation manual in ten chapters (recorded lectures) · Tiantai Buddhism

Three thousand realms in a single moment of thought — calming and contemplation as the path to realising the threefold truth

35% mahayana-buddhism 25% madhyamaka 20% buddhism 10% zen-buddhism 10% yogacara +2

#1780

Tantraloka

Abhinavagupta · c. 1000 CE

Encyclopaedic verse treatise in thirty-seven chapters (ahnikas) · Kashmir Shaivism (Trika)

All reality is the free creative pulsation of Shiva-consciousness — the Tantraloka maps every path from ignorance to recognition

30% hinduism 20% advaita-vedanta 15% aestheticism 20% mysticism 15% panpsychism +2

#1781

Revelations (Revelationes Caelestes)

Birgitta of Sweden · c. 1344–1373 (dictated over nearly thirty years; Latin translations by confessors)

Visionary compilation in eight books plus the Revelationes Extravagantes · Medieval Latin Christian visionary literature

Christ and the Virgin speak to a Swedish noblewoman — prophetic commands to reform the Church, recall popes from Avignon, and renew Christendom

30% catholic-thomistic 30% christian-mysticism 20% scholasticism 10% feminism 10% liberation-theology +2

#1782

Nyayakusumanjali

Udayana · c. 10th century CE

Philosophical treatise in five chapters (stabakas, "clusters of flowers") · Nyaya-Vaisheshika school of Hindu philosophy

Logical proof of God's existence through five arguments — the world as effect, atomic combination, cosmic order, knowledge, and scriptural authority all require Ishvara

35% hinduism 25% rationalism 20% natural-theology 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% aristotelianism +2

#1783

Tattvopaplavasimha

Jayarasi Bhatta · c. 8th century CE

Philosophical treatise (dialectical demolition of all pramanas) · Indian scepticism / Charvaka-Lokayata (debated)

A systematic demolition of every means of valid knowledge recognised by every Indian school — perception, inference, testimony, all devoured

30% pyrrhonism 15% academic-scepticism 15% materialism 15% deconstruction 15% nihilism 10% nominalism +3

#1784

Inquiry into the Origin of Humanity

Zongmi · c. 830s CE

Philosophical-doctrinal essay (panjiao — doctrinal classification) · Huayan Buddhism / Chan (Zen) Buddhism

From Confucianism and Daoism through Hinayana and Mahayana to the supreme truth of Original Awakening — a grand classification of all teachings

30% mahayana-buddhism 25% zen-buddhism 20% yogacara 10% madhyamaka 10% confucianism 5% perennial-philosophy +3

#1785

Rihla (The Travels)

Ibn Battuta (dictated to Ibn Juzayy) · 1355 (dictated at the court of Abu Inan, the Marinid sultan of Fez)

Travel narrative (rihla) in two volumes · Arabic rihla (travel writing) literature

Seventy-five thousand miles over thirty years — the most comprehensive firsthand account of the fourteenth-century world, from Tangier to Hangzhou

35% islam 25% empiricism 15% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 15% cosmopolitanism 10% hermeneutics +2

#1786

Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum

Cassiodorus · c. 562 CE

Pedagogical handbook in two books · Late-antique Latin Christian monastic education

The preservation of classical learning at the end of the Roman world — a curriculum for monks who would carry civilisation through the dark centuries

35% scholasticism 25% augustinianism 20% classicism 10% catholicism 10% christian-platonism +2

#1787

Etymologiae (Origines)

Isidore of Seville · c. 615–636 CE (unfinished at death; completed by Braulio of Zaragoza)

Encyclopedia in twenty books · Late-antique Latin encyclopedic tradition (Varro, Pliny)

The sum of classical and patristic knowledge in a single work — organised by the principle that the name of each thing reveals its nature

35% scholasticism 25% classicism 20% augustinianism 10% christian-platonism 10% catholicism +2

#1788

Pastoral Care (Regula Pastoralis)

Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great) · 591 CE

Pastoral treatise in four parts · Latin patristic pastoral theology

The art of arts is the government of souls — the bishop as physician who adapts his teaching to each patient's condition

35% catholicism 25% augustinianism 20% scholasticism 10% christian-mysticism 10% virtue-ethics +2

#1789

Ecclesiastical History of the English People

Bede (the Venerable Bede) · 731 CE

Historical narrative in five books · Latin Christian historiography (Eusebius, Orosius)

The providential conversion of the English — a monk at Jarrow writes the foundational history of an island church

30% historicism 25% catholicism 20% augustinianism 15% scholasticism 10% christian-platonism +2

#1790

De Rhetorica et Virtutibus (On Rhetoric and the Virtues)

Alcuin of York · c. 794 CE

Dialogue · Carolingian educational literature; Ciceronian rhetorical tradition

Rhetoric and virtue in the Carolingian court — the art of persuasion as the servant of justice and Christian governance

30% scholasticism 25% classicism 20% virtue-ethics 15% augustinianism 10% catholicism +2

#1791

The Ladder of Divine Ascent

John Climacus (John of the Ladder) · c. 600–649 CE

Spiritual treatise in thirty steps (logoi) · Eastern Christian monasticism (Desert Fathers, Evagrius Ponticus)

Thirty rungs from the renunciation of the world to the ineffable summit — the foundational Eastern monastic manual of spiritual combat and contemplation

40% eastern-orthodox-christianity 25% christian-mysticism 15% mysticism 10% stoicism 10% cappadocian-theology +2

#1792

Altus Prosator

Columba (Colmcille) · c. 560–597 CE (traditional attribution)

Abecedarian hymn in 23 stanzas (6 lines each) · Hiberno-Latin hymnody; Celtic monastic literature

The earliest surviving Irish hymn — a cosmic panorama from the creation of the angels to the final fire and the renewal of all things

30% catholicism 25% augustinianism 20% christian-platonism 15% christian-mysticism 10% classicism +2

#1793

Ascetical Homilies (First Part)

Isaac of Nineveh (Isaac the Syrian) · c. 660–700 CE (7th century)

Collection of discourses (homilies/treatises) · East-Syrian (Church of the East) mystical-ascetical theology

God is not one who requites evil but who sets evil right — the most radical theology of divine mercy in the Christian tradition

30% eastern-orthodox-christianity 30% christian-mysticism 15% mysticism 15% cappadocian-theology 10% perennial-philosophy +2

#1794

Kitab al-Hayawan (Book of Animals) (Early)

Al-Jahiz (Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr) · c. 860

Encyclopaedic treatise · Abbasid-era Mutazili natural philosophy and adab literature

Seven volumes of zoological observation, Qur'anic exegesis, and proto-evolutionary thinking — the natural world as proof of divine wisdom

25% islamic-philosophy-falsafa 25% naturalism 20% rationalism 15% aristotelianism 10% empiricism 5% islam +3

#1795

Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk (History of Prophets and Kings) (Early)

Al-Tabari (Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir) · c. 915

Universal chronicle · Islamic historiography based on isnad (chains of transmission)

The most comprehensive universal history of the early Islamic world — from creation through the prophets to the Abbasid caliphate, transmitted through chains of scholarly authority

30% islam 25% hermeneutics 20% historicism 10% scholasticism 10% rationalism 5% rabbinic-judaism +3

#1796

Kitab al-Tawasin (Book of the Ta-Sin) (Early)

Al-Hallaj (Husayn ibn Mansur) · c. 900

Mystical treatise (short prose meditations with verse) · Sufi mystical theology

Mystical meditations on Muhammad's light, Moses's encounter with the burning bush, and Iblis's tragic refusal — the cost of absolute love

35% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 25% mysticism 20% islam 10% perennial-philosophy 10% christian-mysticism +2

#1797

Sayings and Prayers (reconstructed from Attar and others) (Early)

Rabia al-Adawiyya (of Basra) · c. 8th century (preserved in later sources, esp. Attar, 13th century)

Sayings, prayers, and anecdotes (hagiographic compilation) · Sufi devotional tradition (mahabba)

The foundational utterances of Sufi love-mysticism — love God for God alone, not for paradise or against hell

40% sufism-wahdat-al-wujud 25% mysticism 20% islam 10% feminism 5% christian-mysticism +2

#1798

Pramanavarttika (Commentary on Valid Cognition) (Early)

Dharmakirti · c. 7th century

Philosophical treatise (verse with auto-commentary) · Buddhist epistemology (pramana); Yogacara-Sautrantika synthesis

The most rigorous Buddhist treatise on logic and epistemology — perception and inference as the only valid means of knowledge, deployed against Brahmanical authority and the permanent self

30% buddhism 25% rationalism 15% yogacara 10% madhyamaka 10% empiricism 10% analytic-philosophy +3

#1799

Slokavarttika (Early)

Kumarila Bhatta · c. 7th century

Verse commentary (varttika) · Mimamsa (Bhatta sub-school)

The most powerful philosophical defence of the Vedas — authorless scripture, intrinsic validity, and the defeat of Buddhist momentariness

30% hinduism 25% rationalism 20% realism 10% analytic-metaphysics 10% natural-theology 5% atomism +3

#1800

Vakyapadiya (On Words and Sentences) (Early)

Bhartrhari · c. 5th century

Philosophical treatise (verse with prose commentary) · Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammatical philosophy)

Language is Brahman — the sphota as eternal meaning-bearer, the sentence as primary unit, and grammar as the path to liberation

25% advaita-vedanta 25% philosophy-of-language 20% hinduism 15% idealism 10% structuralism 5% rationalism +3

#1801

Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch (Liuzu Tanjing) (Early)

Huineng (attributed; compiled by disciples) · c. 780 (earliest Dunhuang manuscript; text attributed to Huineng, d. 713)

Sermon collection and spiritual autobiography · Chan (Zen) Buddhism

"From the beginning not a thing is" — the Sixth Patriarch's teaching of sudden awakening, no-mind, and the Buddha-nature present in all beings

35% zen-buddhism 25% mahayana-buddhism 20% buddhism 10% taoism 10% mysticism +2

#1802

De Rerum Naturis

Rabanus Maurus · c. 842–847

Encyclopedia in twenty-two books · Carolingian Latin encyclopedism

Every creature a sign of God — the Carolingian encyclopedia that made the natural world a book of divine instruction

30% christianity 25% augustinianism 20% classicism 15% natural-theology 10% scholasticism +2

#1803

Kontakia (Selected Hymns)

Romanos the Melodist · c. 520–555 (during the reign of Justinian I)

Kontakia — long metrical hymns with prooimion, strophes (oikoi), and refrain · Byzantine liturgical hymnography

The Virgin weeps, Judas speaks, the cave receives the Infinite — theology as dramatic song in the liturgical assembly

40% eastern-orthodox-christianity 20% cappadocian-theology 15% christian-mysticism 15% classicism 10% christianity +2

#1804

Bibliotheca (Myriobiblon)

Photius I of Constantinople · c. 845–855 (before Photius became patriarch)

Bibliographic compilation of 280 codices (book reviews/summaries) · Byzantine classical scholarship and literary criticism

The library of a lost world — 280 book reviews that preserve the memory of classical Greek literature otherwise vanished

35% classicism 25% eastern-orthodox-christianity 20% hermeneutics 10% aristotelianism 10% christianity +2

#1805

Penitential and Monastic Rules

Columbanus · c. 590–615 (composed during his continental mission)

Penitential code and two monastic rules (Regula Monachorum and Regula Coenobialis) · Irish monastic and penitential literature

A tariff for the soul — the Irish monk's system of private confession and calibrated penance that became the ancestor of the modern confessional

35% christianity 25% catholicism 15% augustinianism 15% natural-law 10% christian-mysticism +2

#1806

Memorial on the Bone of the Buddha

Han Yu · 819 CE

Memorial (shangshu/biao) addressed to Emperor Xianzong · Confucian political remonstrance

Since Buddhism entered China the dynasties have been short-lived — the fearless memorial that told the emperor to burn the bone and restore the ancient Way

45% confucianism 20% classicism 15% legalism 10% humanism 10% political-realism +2