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Persona #132

Jonathan Edwards

1703–1758
American Puritan theologian, philosopher, revivalist; president of Princeton

The greatest American Reformed theologian — Calvinist sovereignty, religious affections, and a metaphysics in which beings depend continuously on divine perception

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where personas disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid (32 attributes) is shown.

Attribute Jonathan Edwards
Time · Extent Both
Time · Ontological Status Emergent
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Emergent
Space · Curvature implicit
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Non-local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Emergent
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Non-local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Total
Observer · Physicality Both
Observer · Agency Passive
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency Personal
Observer · Moral Authority Scripture
Observer · Theological Method Confessional
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Emergent
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Substantival
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Conserved
Information · Granularity implicit

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each persona's writings reveal about their stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

Jonathan Edwards

"Both" — divine eternity and created time. Deterministic — Freedom of the Will is the systematic Reformed defense of compatibilism.

Space

Jonathan Edwards

Emergent — material objects are ideas in divine perception; non-local because God's perception is not spatially bounded.

Matter

Jonathan Edwards

Emergent — bodies exist as continuously-created divine ideas.

Observer

Jonathan Edwards

Single embodied person sustained moment-to-moment by divine creation. Passive in the technical Reformed sense (regeneration is monergistic, God's alone). Personal metaphysical agency: the sovereign Trinitarian God.

Energy

Jonathan Edwards

Emergent within the divine sustaining act.

Information

Jonathan Edwards

Conserved at both scales. Christian inheritance of personal-identity conservation through resurrection.

Internal Tensions

Where each persona's working synthesis strains against itself.

Jonathan Edwards

Edwards' reputation has historically been dominated by the Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God image; the substantive theology and metaphysics are much richer than that caricature allows. Modern Edwards scholarship (especially Yale's Works of Jonathan Edwards critical edition) has recovered the philosophical-idealist side and the sustained engagement with affection, beauty, and the doctrine of God's creating-for-self-communication. He is now widely regarded as the only American philosopher of the colonial period of sustained metaphysical importance.