Clear all
Persona #58

David Hume

1711–1776
Scottish empiricist philosopher, historian, essayist

Custom is the great guide of life — induction has no rational ground, the self is a bundle of perceptions, miracles are not to be believed

Attribute Fingerprint

Rows where personas disagree are highlighted in gold. The full ontology grid (32 attributes) is shown.

Attribute David Hume
Time · Extent Infinite
Time · Ontological Status Relational
Time · Grain Continuous
Time · Freedom Deterministic
Time · Traversability Linear
Time · Dimensionality One
Time · Direction Uni-directional
Space · Extent Infinite
Space · Ontological Status Relational
Space · Curvature Flat
Space · Dimensionality Three
Space · Locality Local
Matter · Extent Finite
Matter · Ontological Status Relational
Matter · Conservation Conserved
Matter · Dimensionality Three
Matter · Locality Local
Observer · Time Instance Single
Observer · Space Instance Single
Observer · Knowledge Extent Immediate
Observer · Knowledge Retainment Immediate
Observer · Physicality Embodied
Observer · Agency Passive
Observer · Number Plural
Observer · Metaphysical Agency None
Observer · Moral Authority Experience
Observer · Theological Method N/A
Energy · Extent Finite
Energy · Ontological Status Substantival
Energy · Conservation Conserved
Energy · Dispersibility Irreversible
Information · Ontological Status Relational
Information · Cosmic Conservation Conserved
Information · Personal Conservation Non-conserved
Information · Granularity Continuous

Dimension-by-Dimension Evidence

What each persona's writings reveal about their stance on each of the six dimensions.

Time

David Hume

Relational — time is the order of impressions; we have no impression of time independent of changing perceptions. Deterministic in the working sense compatible with custom-based agency.

Space

David Hume

Relational, derived from the spatial order of visual and tactile impressions.

Matter

David Hume

Relational — we know matter only as a stable pattern of impressions; whether there is anything beyond the bundle is not a question we have impressions to settle.

Observer

David Hume

The famous bundle theory of the self — "when I enter most intimately into what I call myself, I always stumble on some particular perception or other … I never can catch myself at any time without a perception, and never can observe any thing but the perception." (Treatise I.4.6) Passive in the technical sense that custom rather than reason is the operating principle. Metaphysical agency: None — the Dialogues dismantle natural theology.

Energy

David Hume

Conventional Newtonian.

Information

David Hume

Cosmic-scale: conserved through the laws of nature. Personal-identity: non-conserved — the self is a bundle, with no underlying substance to survive the bundle's dissolution.

Internal Tensions

Where each persona's working synthesis strains against itself.

David Hume

Hume's mitigated scepticism walks a fine line: the radical conclusions of the Treatise (no rational ground for induction, no real cause-effect connection, no self) are bracketed by the recognition that we cannot live as if they were practically operative. Kant's critical philosophy is the most influential attempt to specify what kind of necessity our knowledge claims actually have if Humean scepticism cannot be refuted on its own terms.